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Catalyst particle shapes and pore structure engineering for hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 897-908 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2127-x

Abstract: Catalyst particle shapes and pore structure engineering are crucial for alleviating internal diffusionThe effects of catalyst particle shapes (sphere, cylinder, trilobe, and tetralobe) and pore structures(pore diameter and porosity) on HDS/HDN performance at the particle scale are investigated via mathematicalAn optimal average HDS/HDN reaction rate exists as the catalyst pore diameter and porosity increase,This study provides insights into the engineering of catalyst particle shapes and pore structures for

Keywords： hydrodesulfurization     hydrodenitrogenation     particle shape     pore structure    

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Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1419-1

Abstract:

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance.

Keywords： Granular activated carbon     Biologically activated carbon filter     Bacterial community structure     Porestructure    

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Analyzing the characterization of pore structures and permeability of diesel contaminated clays under

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering   Pages 1264-1280 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0921-x

Abstract: intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (XRμCT) were used to characterize the poreanalysis yielded consistent results; it showed that aging renders pores more spherical and isotropic and poreThis weakens the pore connectivity.The combination of MIP and XRμCT provided a comprehensive and reliable characterization of the soil porestructure.

Keywords： MIP     XRμCT     aging     diesel content     pore structure     permeability characteristics    

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polybenzoxazine-based carbon microspheres with nitrogen functionalities: Effects of mixed solvents on porestructure and supercapacitive performance

Uthen Thubsuang, Suphawadee Chotirut, Apisit Thongnok, Archw Promraksa, Mudtorlep Nisoa, Nicharat Manmuanpom, Sujitra Wongkasemjit, Thanyalak Chaisuwan

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 6,   Pages 1072-1086 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1899-8

Abstract: In this study, polybenzoxazine (PBZ)-based carbon microspheres were prepared via a facile method using a mixture of formaldehyde (F) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent. The PBZ microspheres were successfully obtained at the F/DMF weight ratios of 0.4 and 0.6. These microspheres exhibited high nitrogen contents after carbonization. The microstructures of all the samples showed an amorphous phase and a partial graphitic phase. The porous carbon with the F/DMF ratio of 0.4 showed significantly higher specific capacitance (275.1 F g ) than the reference carbon (198.9 F g ) at 0.05 A g . This can be attributed to the synergistic electrical double-layer capacitor and pseudo-capacitor behaviors of the porous carbon with the F/DMF ratio of 0.4. The presence of nitrogen/oxygen functionalities induced pseudo-capacitance in the microspheres, and hence increased their total specific capacitance. After activation with CO , the specific surface area of the carbon microspheres with the F/DMF ratio of 0.4 increased from 349 to 859 m g and the specific capacitance increased to 424.7 F g . This value is approximately two times higher than that of the reference carbon. The results indicated that the F/DMF ratio of 0.4 was suitable for preparing carbon microspheres with good supercapacitive performance. The nitrogen/oxygen functionalities and high specific surface area of the microspheres were responsible for their high capacitance.

Keywords： PBZ     carbon     porous materials     microsphere     supercapacitor    

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Pore structure of cementitious material enhanced by graphitic nanomaterial: a critical review

S.A. GHAHARI, E. GHAFARI, L. ASSI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1,   Pages 137-147 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0431-9

Abstract: This paper combines a critical review on the effect of CNT on the pore and microstructure of cement compositeIn this scope, this review paper involves analyzing the effect of CNT on the microstructure and the porestructure of cementitious materials.

Keywords： carbon nano tubes     microstructure     porosity     mercury intrusion porosimetry     cement composite    

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Structure creation in earthen construction materials: information from dry soil mixtures

Christopher BECKETT, Charles AUGARDE

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 151-159 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0109-7

Abstract: A more subtle structure effect arises from the way that the earth mixture is deposited.

Keywords： rammed earth     stratification     particle size distribution     pore size distribution    

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The effect of hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios on its pore structure

Yuexin Hou, Xiaoyun Li, Minghui Sun, Chaofan Li, Syed ul Hasnain Bakhtiar, Kunhao Lei, Shen Yu, Zhao Wang, Zhiyi Hu, Lihua Chen, Bao-Lian Su

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2,   Pages 269-278 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1948-3

Abstract: Hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios (Hier-ZSM-5- , where = 50, 100, 150 and 200) were synthesized using an ordered mesoporous carbon-silica composite as hard template. Hier-ZSM-5- exhibits improved mass transport properties, excellent mechanical and hydrothermal stability, and higher catalytic activity than commercial bulk zeolites in the benzyl alcohol self-etherification reaction. Results show that a decrease in the Si/Al ratio in hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites leads to a significant increase in the acidity and the density of micropores, which increases the final catalytic conversion. The effect of porous hierarchy on the diffusion of active sites and the final catalytic activity was also studied by comparing the catalytic conversion after selectively designed poisoned acid sites. These poisoned Hier-ZSM-5- shows much higher catalytic conversion than the poisoned commercial ZSM-5 zeolite, which indicates that the numerous intracrystalline mesopores significantly reduce the diffusion path of the reactant, leading to the faster diffusion inside the zeolite to contact with the acid sites in the micropores predominating in ZSM-5 zeolites. This study can be extended to develop a series of hierarchical single-crystal zeolites with expected catalytic performance.

Keywords： hierarchical zeolites     single crystalline     interconnected pores     improved diffusion performance     benzyl alcohol self-etherification reaction    

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Uncoupled state space solution to layered poroelastic medium with anisotropic permeability and compressible pore

Zhiyong AI, Wenze ZENG, Yichong CHENG, Chao WU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 171-179 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0103-0

Abstract: three-dimensional consolidation of layered poroelastic medium with anisotropic permeability and compressible poreNumerical results show that the anisotropy of permeability and the compressibility of pore fluid have

Keywords： solution     layered poroelastic medium     three-dimensional consolidation     anisotropic permeability     compressible pore    

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Effect of catalyst layer mesoscopic pore-morphology on cold start process of PEM fuel cells

Ahmed Mohmed DAFALLA, Fangming JIANG

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2,   Pages 460-472 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0733-4

Abstract: This work studies the effect of CCL mesoscopic pore-morphology on PEMFC cold start.The CCL mesoscale morphology is characterized by two tortuosity factors of the ionomer network and porestructure, respectively.The CCL of less tortuous pore structure reduces the water back diffusion resistance from the CCL to protonstructure and ionomer network, are desirable.

Keywords： cold start     energy conversion     fuel cells     mesoscale morphology     tortuosity     water management    

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Effective diffusivity of oxygen in the ash layer of Huadian oil shale semicoke

Yiqun HUANG, Yiran LI, Man ZHANG, Boyu DENG, Hao KONG, Junfeng WANG, Junfu LYU, Hairui YANG, Lingmei WANG

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2,   Pages 320-327 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0674-3

Abstract: Diffusion of oxygen in the ash layer usually dominated the combustion of oil shale semicoke particles due to the high ash content. Thus, effective diffusivity of oxygen in the ash layer was a crucial parameter worthy of careful investigation. In this paper, the effective diffusivity of oxygen in the ash layer of Huadian oil shale semicoke was measured directly using an improved Wicke-Kallenbach diffusion apparatus. The experimental results showed that higher temperature would lead to a higher effective diffusivity and a thicker ash layer had the negative effect. Especially, the effective diffusivity along the direction perpendicular to bedding planes was much lower than that along the direction parallel to bedding planes. In addition, an effective diffusivity model was developed, which could be used to describe the mass transfer of oxygen in the ash layer of oil shale semicoke.

Keywords： oil shale semicoke     diffusivity     pore structure     ash layer    

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Experimental study of two saturated natural soils and their saturated remoulded soils under three consolidated undrained stress paths

Mingjing JIANG, Haijun HU, Jianbing PENG, Serge LEROUEIL

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 225-238 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0108-8

Abstract: stress-strain relation, i.e. strain-softening or strain-hardening, is remarkably influenced by the structureNatural structure, high void ratio, TC stress path, RTC stress path and low confining pressures are favorableExcess pore pressure during shearing is significantly affected by stress path.different from loose sand on character of strain-softening and are different from common clay on excess pore

Keywords： stress paths     static liquefaction     natural soil     remoulded soil     loess     structure     total strength indices     excesspore pressure    

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Applications of atomic force microscopy in immunology

Jiping Li, Yuying Liu, Yidong Yuan, Bo Huang

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1,   Pages 43-52 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0769-6

Abstract: neutrophil-extracellular-trap release by neutrophils, the immunological functions of macrophages, and the membrane pore

Keywords： cellular mechanics     atomic force microscopy     neutrophil extracellular trap     macrophage phagocytosis     pore    

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Pore-scale simulation of water/oil displacement in a water-wet channel

Jin Zhao, Guice Yao, Dongsheng Wen

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 4,   Pages 803-814 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1835-y

Abstract: Water/oil flow characteristics in a water-wet capillary were simulated at the pore scale to increaseVolume of fluid method was used to capture the interface between oil and water and a pore-throat connectingstructure was established to investigate the effects of viscosity, interfacial tension (IFT) and capillaryduring a water displacement process, an initial continuous oil phase can be snapped off in the water-wet pore

Keywords： VOF     pore scale     immiscible displacement     EOR     snap-off     Ca    

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Influence of pore size and membrane surface properties on arsenic removal by nanofiltration membranes

Nathalie Tanne, Rui Xu, Mingyue Zhou, Pan Zhang, Xiaomao Wang, Xianghua Wen

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1105-8

Abstract: itemcontent>

Rejection of arsenate had no relationship with membrane pore

Keywords： Arsenate     Nanofiltration     Drinking water     Membrane property     Membrane fouling    

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Hydration Characteristics and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete: A Review Review

Qiang Fu,Mengxin Bu,Zhaorui Zhang,Wenrui Xu,Qiang Yuan,Ditao Niu

Engineering 2023, Volume 20, Issue 1,   Pages 162-179 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.026

Abstract: of the research on the hydration characteristics, microstructure, interfacial transition zone, and porestructure of AASC based on the relevant literatures was analyzed and summarized in this study.

Keywords： Alkali-activated slag concrete     hydration characteristics     pore structure     interfacial transition zone     Microstructure    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Catalyst particle shapes and pore structure engineering for hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation

Journal Article

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

Journal Article

Analyzing the characterization of pore structures and permeability of diesel contaminated clays under

Journal Article

polybenzoxazine-based carbon microspheres with nitrogen functionalities: Effects of mixed solvents on porestructure and supercapacitive performance

Uthen Thubsuang, Suphawadee Chotirut, Apisit Thongnok, Archw Promraksa, Mudtorlep Nisoa, Nicharat Manmuanpom, Sujitra Wongkasemjit, Thanyalak Chaisuwan

Journal Article

Pore structure of cementitious material enhanced by graphitic nanomaterial: a critical review

S.A. GHAHARI, E. GHAFARI, L. ASSI

Journal Article

Structure creation in earthen construction materials: information from dry soil mixtures

Christopher BECKETT, Charles AUGARDE

Journal Article

The effect of hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios on its pore structure

Yuexin Hou, Xiaoyun Li, Minghui Sun, Chaofan Li, Syed ul Hasnain Bakhtiar, Kunhao Lei, Shen Yu, Zhao Wang, Zhiyi Hu, Lihua Chen, Bao-Lian Su

Journal Article

Uncoupled state space solution to layered poroelastic medium with anisotropic permeability and compressible pore

Zhiyong AI, Wenze ZENG, Yichong CHENG, Chao WU

Journal Article

Effect of catalyst layer mesoscopic pore-morphology on cold start process of PEM fuel cells

Ahmed Mohmed DAFALLA, Fangming JIANG

Journal Article

Effective diffusivity of oxygen in the ash layer of Huadian oil shale semicoke

Yiqun HUANG, Yiran LI, Man ZHANG, Boyu DENG, Hao KONG, Junfeng WANG, Junfu LYU, Hairui YANG, Lingmei WANG

Journal Article

Experimental study of two saturated natural soils and their saturated remoulded soils under three consolidated undrained stress paths

Mingjing JIANG, Haijun HU, Jianbing PENG, Serge LEROUEIL

Journal Article

Applications of atomic force microscopy in immunology

Jiping Li, Yuying Liu, Yidong Yuan, Bo Huang

Journal Article

Pore-scale simulation of water/oil displacement in a water-wet channel

Jin Zhao, Guice Yao, Dongsheng Wen

Journal Article

Influence of pore size and membrane surface properties on arsenic removal by nanofiltration membranes

Nathalie Tanne, Rui Xu, Mingyue Zhou, Pan Zhang, Xiaomao Wang, Xianghua Wen

Journal Article

Hydration Characteristics and Microstructure of Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete: A Review

Qiang Fu,Mengxin Bu,Zhaorui Zhang,Wenrui Xu,Qiang Yuan,Ditao Niu

Journal Article